Platform as a service (PAAS) featuring computer software platforms for verifying that a user of a service is likely human, carrying reputation across contexts, and accessing services based on signals of trust using multi-level verification from third parties and other sources, all without surrendering personal data or requiring centralized identity exposure; Software as a service (SAAS) services featuring software for verifying that a user of a service is likely human, carrying reputation across contexts, and accessing services based on signals of trust using multi-level verification from third parties and other sources, all without surrendering personal data or requiring centralized identity exposure; Software as a service (SAAS) services featuring software using artificial intelligence (AI) for verifying that a user of a service is likely human, carrying reputation across contexts, and accessing services based on signals of trust using multi-level verification from third parties and other sources, all without surrendering personal data or requiring centralized identity exposure; Authentication in the field of identification of humans