Semiconductor devices; semiconductor chips; semiconductors; computer hardware; microprocessor modules; chip sets, integrated circuits; Silicon microprocessors; microcontroller units; microcontrollers and chipsets for the secure receipt and transmission of data; microcontrollers and chipsets optimized for use in access control, identification, authentication, security and safety; computer hardware-based roots of trust (RoTs); hardware for supporting remote attestation and certificate-based security; Open source downloadable software for use in developing, executing, and managing hardware-based Roots of Trust (RoTs), silicon microprocessors, microcontrollers and chipsets for use in access control, identification, authentication, security and safety; downloadable computer software development tools for deploying, running and managing hardware-based Roots of Trust (RoTs), silicon microprocessors, microcontrollers and chipsets for use in access control, identification, authentication, security and safety; downloadable computer software for remote attestation and certificate-based security; downloadable computer software for use in access control, identification, authentication, security and safety; downloadable authenticating application software for cloud computing services