Silicon microprocessors; microcontroller units; microcontrollers and chipsets for the secure receipt and transmission of data; microcontrollers and chipsets optimized for use in access control, identification, authentication, security and safety; communications receivers, namely, radio receivers; data exchange units, namely, data exchange platforms; computer hardware modules for use in security and secure power management for internet connected devices; security processors, namely, computer hardware for protecting data against unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration, duplication and substitution; security subsystems comprised of a microprocessor core, memory, cryptographic hardware accelerators, access controls, security state controls, interfacing fabric, and peripherals; hardware-based roots of trust (rots); computer system boot processes and software; hardware for supporting remote attestation and certificate-based security; computer software for remote attestation and certificate-based security; computer software for use in access control, identification, authentication, security and safety; authenticating application software for cloud computing services