Radar apparatus; radar object detectors for use on vehicles; lidar apparatus; laser object detectors for use on vehicles; lasers for measuring; electronic proximity sensors and switches; electronic controllers for vehicle driving assistance; control units for automated and semi-automated driving of vehicles; advanced driver assistance systems for vehicles, namely, adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning and controls, blind spot detection warning and controls, and accident and collision mitigating warning and controls; computer software and computer hardware for use in connection with advanced driver assistance systems; computer software and computer hardware for the control, operation, steering, and monitoring of vehicles; computer software and computer hardware for enabling object detection, object classification, and high definition mapping; computer software and computer hardware for performing data acquisition and data analytics; computer software and computer hardware for collecting and analyzing data generated by vehicle sensors and external sources; computer software and computer hardware for transmission of data within a vehicle and for communications between and among vehicles and a cloud-based platform; computer software and computer hardware for controlling vehicle communications networks; computer software and computer hardware for enabling interaction and interface between vehicles and mobile devices; computer software for coordinating transportation, freight, and delivery services by automated vehicles; computer software for vehicle fleet management; computer software for vehicle navigation; navigation apparatus for vehicles; global positioning system (GPS) apparatus; infotainment systems for vehicles