Mineral-based material, in the nature of clay, for use in chemical processing; catalysts in the nature of clay-based material; solid acid catalysts in the nature of clay-based material; clay-based material for use in solid acid catalysis; clay-based material for use in slurry phase solid acid catalysis; alkylation catalysts in the nature of clay; dimer catalysts in the nature of clay; clay-based material for use in dimerization; clay-based material for use in the production of dimers from oleochemicals; clay-based material for use in refining benzene, toluene, xylene, and mixtures containing one or more of the foregoing; clay-based material for use in refining Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB); clay-based material for use in refining hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, and aliphatic compounds; clay-based material for use in purifying benzene, toluene, xylene, and mixtures containing one or more of the foregoing; clay-based material for use in purifying Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB); clay-based material for use in purifying hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, and aliphatic compounds; color removal clays; clay-based material for use in decolorization of animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils, and waxes; sorbents in the nature of clay-based material; clay sorbents; adsorbents in the nature of clay-based material; clay adsorbents; purification media in the nature of clay; purification media in the nature of clay-based material for use in purifying edible oils, oils, fats, lube oil, lipids, biodiesel, esters, methyl esters, aromatics, oleochemicals, and petrochemicals; clay-based material for use in the purification of oils used as coolants in the metal industry during rolling or machining of metal; clay-based material for use in refining lube oil; clay-based material for use in petrochemical processing; clay-based material for use in removing nitrogen from benzene and other petrochemical feedstocks; clay-based material for use in refining copper; clay-based material for use in solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX-EW); clay-based material for use in gas processing; clay-based material for use in removing olefin from benzene, toluene, xylene, and mixtures containing one or more of the foregoing; clay-based material for use in removing olefin from Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB); clay-based material for use in removing olefin from hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, aliphatic compounds, and other petrochemical feedstocks; clay-based material for use in the production of cumene, and styrene; clay-based material for use in purification of kerosene, and jet fuel; clay-based material for use in removal of soluble impurities from petroleum, and petrochemical process streams; clay-based material for use in purification of petroleum, and petrochemical process streams