Computer software and firmware for managing user identities and access privileges for electronic commerce and security, and for user and device authentication; smart card readers and terminals; Computer hardware and software systems for managing user identities and access privileges for electronic commerce and security, and for user and device authentication; Identity cards, magnetic; Smart card readers; Blank smart cards; Blank smart cards embedded with transponders; Blank electronic chip cards; Blank integrated circuit cards; Computer application software for the encryption and decryption of data, namely, software for digital certificate issuance, verification, and management, for the verification and management of digital keys and credentials, for application management; Computer network interface devices; Computer operating software; Computer software for encryption; Computer software for use in the encryption and decryption of digital files, including audio, video, text, binary, still images, graphics and multimedia files; Electronic card readers; Electronic encryption units; Electronic key cards; Electronic key fobs being remote control apparatus; Electronic security and surveillance devices, namely, electronic security tags and labels, acoustic tags, magnetic tags; Electronic circuit cards; Electronic memory card readers; Electronic security token in the nature of a fob-like device used by an authorized user of a computer system to facilitate authentication; Encoded smart cards containing programming used for authentication, encryption and decryption of data; Encoded identity cards; Encoded key cards; Magnetic coded card readers; Magnetic encoded card readers; Magnetic identifying cards; Magnetically encoded gift cards; Magnetically encoded identity cards; Magnetically encoded key cards; Point-of-sale terminals for making contactless payments; Sensor cards for authentication, encryption and decryption of data; USB card readers; USB computer security key