Caloric substitutes for carbohydrates in the nature of nutritional supplements used to maintain, promote and enhance health, wellness and fitness and to treat medical conditions, namely, alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, depression, muscular conditions, treating, preventing or aiding recovery from fatigue, improving muscle function efficiency and muscular power, maintaining and improving cognitive function, raising blood ketone levels in the human or animal body, diabetes or disorder of glucose metabolism, cachexia, neuro-degenerative conditions, muscular dystrophic states, increasing metabolic efficiency, reducing fatigue, reducing muscle damage or wasting, inflammatory diseases and radiation damage, as well as epilepsy, anxiety, dementia, cancer, and cell damage; substances in the nature of nutritional and dietary supplements for the treatment of muscle fatigue, muscle conditions, epilepsy, anxiety, dementia, cancer, cachexia and cell damage and substances for improving cognitive function and raising ketone blood levels in humans or animals; all the aforementioned containing ketone esters or hydroxybutyrates as an integrated component ingredient