Electrical sensors; electric position switches; electric multiple limit switches; electric inductive, optoelectronic, capacitive, and magnetic field dependent proximity switches; rotational transmitters; path transducers, namely, electroacoustic transducers, inductive transducers, optoelectronic transducers, capacitive transducers, and magnetic field dependent transducers; sensors for electrical bus systems; signal evaluation sensors and circuits, in particular for measuring position, path, rotational speed, angular position, velocity, acceleration, and time; interface converters between bus systems, and between sensors, transmitters and commutators; path measuring systems comprising electric sensors and transmitters coupled to the sensors; electric precision switches; electromechanical switch elements and parts thereof; detection elements and detector bodies for sensors and commutators, namely, sequence signal cams, cam strips, and cam racks; couplers and connectors for electrical cables; couplers and connectors for electrical circuits; ultrasonic and ultrasound sensors; shaft encoders; incremental, absolute and multiturn encoders; electronic identification systems comprising optical sensors, barcode readers, RFID sensors, and parts thereof; RFID and optical based identification systems comprising optical sensors, RFID sensors, and parts thereof; field bus systems comprising fieldbus trunk wires, fieldbus interfaces, junction boxes, electrical controllers, device couplers, sensor communication hubs, and electrical actor communication hubs; ethernet based fieldbus systems comprising fieldbus trunk wires, fieldbus interfaces, junction boxes, ethernet controllers, device couplers, sensor communication hubs, and electrical fieldbus actor communication hubs; electrical, optical and RFID wireless linked sensors and communication systems comprised of computer hardware and software for the transmission of data; safety sensors, namely, electric position switches, electric multiple limit switches, electric inductive, optoelectronic, capacitive, and magnetic field dependent proximity switches, and path measuring sensors; optical industrial cameras and optical vision systems, lighting for optical vision systems