Electrical, optical, acoustical, ultrasonic, chemical and laser scientific and laboratory instruments for counting, sizing, classifying, differentiating, grading and identifying particles in solids, liquids or gases, for use in clinical, biological, industrial, medical, environmental, academic and scientific research and commercial laboratories; instruments for measuring particle speeds, mobility, and distribution, and for monitoring airborne or pneumatically carried particles in liquid or gases; instruments employing ultraviolet-visible-infrared (UV-vis-IR) optical absorption, ultrasonic absorption, and turbidity monitoring, for measuring particle properties, transmitters and receivers, ejectors, dryers, and separators; instruments for measuring rheological properties, namely, viscometers, rotary and capillary rheometers; measuring apparatus and instruments, namely, rheometers for measuring rheological properties of fluids, suspensions, gels and solids; viscosimeters, and torque electrical transducers; instruments for measuring dimensional information of particles through image formation and analysis, namely, particle size, shape, structure and composition analysers; particle size and shape distribution and concentration measuring instruments, namely, particle counting instruments, air and liquid particle counters, photocorrelation spectroscopy instruments, instruments for producing zimm plots to determine the molecular weight of polymers; instruments and apparatus for performing chromatography, for the measurement of weight, size, and viscosity of particles, molecules and macromolecules; acoustic spectroscopy instruments, laser diffraction measuring instruments, all for use in clinical, biological, industrial, medical, academic and scientific research and commercial laboratories; particle charge measuring instruments, namely, zeta potential measuring instruments, electrophoretic mobility measuring instruments, particle mobility measuring instruments, ph measuring instruments, micro electrophoresis measuring instruments, all for use in clinical, biological, industrial, medical, academic and scientific research and commercial laboratories; sedimentation, sieve, diffraction, and zeta potential laboratory instruments; apparatus for preparing samples, suspensions, sprays, and emulsions of particles for use with any of the aforesaid goods, namely, sample dispersion units, stirred cells, autosamplers, dry powder feeders, dispensers, autotitrators, nebulizers, ultrasonic baths, pumps, degassers, detectors, columns and temperature controllers, sample grabbers, extractors, fluidisers, diluters, concentrators, separators, dispersion units, measurement cells, auto-sampling units, automated preparation stages; instrument controllers, namely, computers, digital signal processors and microprocessors, computer software for controlling and operating all of the aforesaid goods and for controlling copier and powder quality; software for chemical analysis of spectroscopic data to produce chemical image maps that identify the chemical components of a surface; machine readable data carriers, namely, solid state memory devices, optical and magnetic storage media disks, magnetic tapes, all sold pre-programmed with control or analysis programs for use with the foregoing goods; structural and replacement parts for the aforesaid goods