Computer network adapters, namely, an adapter for connecting computer based telephones to a public switched telephone network for placing emergency calls; computer network adapters, namely, an adapter for automatically connecting computer based telephones to a public switched telephone network for placing emergency calls; computer network adapters, namely, an adapter for connecting computer based telephones to a public switched telephone network during power interruptions; communication system hardware, namely, an adapter to facilitate and enable end-users to control their use of Internet-based telephony via a personal computer; computer software for enabling voice-over-Internet-protocol communications; computer hardware adapters to facilitate and enable end-users to control their use of Internet-based telephony via a personal computer; voice-over-Internet-protocol computer hardware; computer network adapters, namely, voice-over-Internet-protocol adapters; electrical switches for remote controlling and/or interrupting electric power by telephone or the Internet; computerized voice signal and data processors for routing telephone calls; computerized telephone call signal processors to combine multiple devices, such as, voice, fax, computer modem, and/or credit card reader on one or more lines; and computerized telephone call data processors for polling data from remote computers; and computerized telephone selective ring call signal processors to route incoming calls to the proper location