Computers; software for medical purposes, namely, for neurosurgical, orthopaedic, trauma-specific, spinal, radiotherapeutic and radiosurgical applications, for robot-assisted applications, for applications in ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery, and for applications for three-dimensionally registering and referencing patient location data; software for characterizing structures in patient data sets produced using medical image forming apparatus; software for indicating contours of anatomical structures in image displays of sectional patient images, and for automatically recognizing complete structures on the basis of indicated individual contours; software for assisting in the operation of reference markers and reference marker arrangements which are attached to medical instruments, surgical instruments, and to patients for referencing and registration purposes; software for assisting in the operation of pointer devices; data carriers containing software for medical purposes, namely, for neurosurgical, orthopedic, trauma-specific, spinal, radiotherapeutic, and radiosurgical purposes, for ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgical purposes, and for three-dimensional registering and referencing of patient data purposes; data carriers containing software for characterizing structures in patient data sets produced using medical image forming apparatus; data carriers containing software for indicating contours of anatomical structures in image displays of sectional patient images, and for automatically recognizing complete structures on the basis of indicated individual contours; data carriers containing software for assisting in the operation of reference markers and reference marker arrangements which are attached to medical instruments, namely surgical instruments, and to patients for referencing and registration purposes; data carriers containing software for assisting in the operation of pointer devices; light pointers; laser light pointers; infrared light pointers; controllers for medical and surgical robots

Image presentation apparatus for medical purposes; neurosurgical instruments and apparatus; medical robots, namely surgical robots, and parts therefor; control boxes, instrument adapters, tool holders, endoscope adapters, microscope adapters and connection cables, all for medical applications, namely neurosurgical, orthopedic, trauma-specific, spinal, and surgical applications, and for ear, nose and throat surgery; radiotherapeutic and radiosurgical apparatus; tomographs; instruments and apparatus for characterizing structures in patient data sets produced using medical image forming apparatus; marking aids for indicating contours of anatomical structures in image displays of sectional patient images, and for automatically recognizing complete structures on the basis of indicated individual contours; systems and components for precisely positioning patients for radiotherapeutic and neurosurgical purposes, comprising collimators, infrared and video cameras and accessories, patient markers, monitors, isocenter phantoms, calibration phantoms, patient trays, head holders and adaptors, vacuum pumps, vacuum cushions, referencing stars, ultrasound phantoms, ultrasound adaptors, x-ray registration kits, and tomographs; intra-operative, image-guided localization systems for medical, namely surgical, purposes; systems for software-controlled precision treatment in neurosurgery, orthopedics, radiotherapy and in ear, nose, and throat surgery, comprising localizers, stereotactic and neurosurgical arcs, biopsy kits, fixation adaptors, instrument calibration matrixes and fixation rings, planning stations, computers, couchmounts, collimators, target positioners, film holders, mask systems, couch stabilizers, couch adaptors, radiation devices, linear accelerators, gantries, microscope adaptors, fixation pins, head and neck immobilization devices; instruments and apparatus for three-dimensionally registering and referencing patient location data by producing light markings; light pointers for medical surgical use; laser light pointers for medical surgical use; infrared light pointers for medical surgical use; reference markers for medical surgical use; reference marker arrangements for medical surgical use; pointer devices for medical surgical use

Computer programming services for neurosurgical, orthopedic, trauma-specific, spinal, radiotherapeutic, and radiosurgical purposes, for ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgical purposes, and for three-dimensional registering and referencing of patient data purposes; computer programming services for creating software for characterizing structures in patient data sets produced using medical image forming apparatus; computer programming services for creating software for indicating contours of anatomical structures in image displays of sectional patient images, and for automatically recognizing complete structures on the basis of indicated individual contours; computer programming services for creating software for assisting in the operation of reference markers and reference marker arrangements which are attached to medical instruments, surgical instruments, and to patients for referencing and registration purposes; computer programming services for creating software for assisting in the operation of pointer devices