Financial services for third-parties, namely, buying and selling securities, creating and advising investment portfolios, valuing securities, selecting securities to buy, hold or sell, pricing securities, trading securities, analyzing financial reports produced using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for investment purposes, analyzing and reporting on financial statements for investment purposes, determining a company's cost of capital for purposes of providing accurate investment valuations of its securities for others, determining the value and momentum of changes in value of a company's stock, ascertaining the desirability of owning a company's stock for investment purposes and making a recommendation thereupon, trading in equity financial markets on behalf of investors, advising investment managers and asset managers on desired courses of action in equity financial markets, operating and advising investment funds and portfolios on behalf of a retirement plan or for purposes of retirement savings, providing traditional and alternative asset management, providing investment advisory services for third parties by utilizing cash flow return on investment methodologies