Video, audio and image signal processing apparatus namely, signal testers, monitors, converters, processors, encoders, decoders, signal generators, analyzers, video tape players, screen optimizers, noise reducers, switchers, routers, correctors, synchronizers, amplifiers, serializers and deserializers, digital video effects processors; electronic apparatus for use in the capture, production, post-production, conversion, recording, retrieval, distribution, playout and broadcast of television material, namely, antennas, transmitters, encoders, decoders, receivers, amplifiers, converters, monitors, modulators and demodulators, mixers, equalizers, signal generators, synchronizers, time-based correctors, color correctors, noise reducers, test pattern generators, signal compression apparatus, oscillators and filters; time based correctors, color correctors, noise reducers, test pattern generators, signal compression apparatus, oscillators and filters; video communications apparatus,namely, video signal processors, video processors, video recorders, and video reproduction equipment, namely video cameras, televisions, and video monitors; audio and video apparatus for domestic use, namely, television receivers, video monitors, video players, video displays and video display optimizers, DVD players and CD players; display processing apparatus, namely, video signal converters for the purposes of display in a television; software for the purpose of converting video signals to display in a television; television standards converters; apparatus for the transfer of film material to video; apparatus and software for use in film post production; apparatus and software for the generation, storage, modification and playing of test patterns and test signals; amplifiers, buffers, distributors, routers, switchers, mixers, serializers, deserializers, analyzers, monitors, standards converters, up-converters, down-converters, cross-converters, aspect-ratio-converters, editors, converters, timebase correctors, synchronisers, colour encoders, colour decoders, colour correctors, translators, pre-processors, post-processors, multiplexers, de-multiplexers, apparatus for storing picture, video or audio information, audio inserters, audio extracters, recorders and noise reducers, all for use with video, picture or audio signals, whether compressed, partially compressed or uncompressed; apparatus and software for compression encoding, compression decoding, transcoding, partial encoding or partial decoding of picture, video or audio signals; apparatus and software for the generation of digital effects in film or video; apparatus and software for use in the removal of artifacts from film or video; apparatus for the restoration of film and video archives and for the management and retrieval of film and video archives; apparatus and software for testing, analyzing, monitoring, guiding or controlling any of the foregoing; software, integrated circuits, circuit boards, tapes, discs, spare parts or sub-assemblies for use with any of the foregoing apparatus