Scientific products, namely crystals, doped crystals, crystals for use as substrates in the semiconductor industry, in industrial processes, in scintillators, in well logging instruments, in industrial and medical imaging, in gamma camera plates, and in high performance viewing and image projection plates, optical shields and windshields for personnel and for high performance aircraft, and crystal products, optical products and scientific products containing the crystals and doped crystals, formed crystals, crystal plates, purified and doped crystal plates and crystal and doped crystal starting materials, scientific crystals and crystal photolithography products, scientific photolithography products, namely crystal photolithographic cameras, crystal photolithographic imagers, devices for etching crystal photolithographic patterns, and optical photolithography products, namely optical photolithographic cameras, optical photolithographic imagers, devices for etching photolithographic optical patterns, for producing and printing microscopic and submicroscopic patterns on chips and semiconductors