Electronic and flat panel displays for use in electronic signs, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, pagers, calculators, handheld games, watches, smart cards, audio and video equipment, and automobiles; micro-electro-mechanical machines, namely, accelerometers, actuators, and mechanical switches; photonic devices, namely, lasers for non-medical use, light wave guides, light filters and modulators; electro-optical films and substrates for use in forming light-handling devices; opto-electronic integrated circuits, photonic integrated circuits, multiplexers, light amplifiers, optical amplifiers, fiber optic amplifiers, parametric optical amplifiers, spatial light modulators, optical sensors and microwave sensors; photonic and optical components, namely, lenses, mirrors, encoders, solar cells, scales, optical lenses and mirrors featuring thin-film chemical coatings; identification and inventory tags and labels which use radio frequency to communicate information to computers; electronic and radio frequency transmitters, receivers and processors