Medical in vitro diagnostic preparations for Target Validation in the fields of respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, central nervous system and endocrine ailments, for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, for medical use, including for treatment of human and non-human animal respiratory, central nervous system, immune, endocrine, cardiovascular and neoplastic ailments, including bronchoconstriction, anxiety, Pre Menstrual Syndrome, Menopause symptoms, anxiety, lack of sleep, mental unrest eg resulting from in-take of steroids, difficult breathing, impeded and obstructed lung airways, allergy(ies) and/or inflammation, which in some cases are adenosine receptor associated symptoms, medical diagnostic reagents for testing, preventing and therapeutically treating immune, central nervous system, endocrine, neoplastic, cardiovascular, respiratory, airway and pulmonary diseases and conditions, such as asthma, pulmonary vasoconstriction, inflammation, allergies, impeded respiration, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), renal damage and failure, ischemia, resulting from the administration of certain drugs, including adenosine and other drugs for, for example, treating SupraVentricular Tachycardia (SVT), adenosine stress tests, infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome (infantile RDS), pain, cystic fibrosis, allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchitis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vasoconstriction, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as cancers including leukemias, lymphomas, carcinomas, and the like, eg colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, kidney cancer, melanoma, etc, as well as all metastatic cancers, eg cancers which metastasized to the lung(s), breast, liver and prostate