magnetometer sensors, probes and sensor arrays, designed for measuring electrical properties, such as conductivity and permeability, of materials such as metals and graphite composites, and geometric properties, such as layer and coating thickness, of multilayered and coated manufactured goods such as aircraft skins, turbine blades, flat panel displays, semiconductors, and used for process and quality control of the manufacture of metallic and graphite composite parts field inspection, namely, measurement of residual stress and monitoring age-related degradation, of structures, equipment and machinery such as bridges, aircraft components, turbine blades, automobile parts, nuclear and fossile fuel power plants, propellers, aircraft engine components and railway car components and rails, for object detection and discrimination such as detection of buried objects such as landmines, unexploded ordnance, archeological artifacts and environmental hazards, and for relating electrical properties of materials and manufactured goods, such as those mentioned above, to mechanical or other process properties, such as stress, temperature, fatigue life, corrosion state, heat treatment quality, wear, porosity, and contamination