investment banking; financial and monetary services; financial and monetary services in the fields of foreign exchange, fixed income, bond issues, company and business liquidity and risk management, metals markets, money markets, OTC and exchange-traded derivatives, private placements of equities and securities and repo-based finance; corporate finance; mergers, acquisitions, disposals, privatization and restructuring of companies and businesses; equity issues, underwriting and syndications of equity issues; distributing and trading national and global equities and equity derivatives; asset and mortgage-backed securitization, debt restructuring, export credit finance, national and international leasing and asset-backed finance, leveraged finance, project finance, public sector finance, syndicated loans and tax-based and off-balance sheet finance; asset management, management of equities, cash and real estate; raising equity capital, structuring and providing equity for management buy-outs; research and advice services in relation to the above services; economic and market research and financial advice to companies, governments and institutions