remote television instruments and control systems comprising hand held wireless remote control television control instruments and converters for interactive manual control of television receivers; interactive television subscriber equipment comprising radio communication equipment coupling television subscribers to interactive broadcast stations and networks; directional antenna systems comprising ground to satellite microwave dishes and accompanying radio transmitters and receivers; digital radio transmitters and receivers and transceivers; cellular radio and TV communication systems comprising portable two-way radio units for communication between subscribers and a broadcast station and studio equipment for the broadcast station for communicating with portable units; satellite communication systems comprising satellite transceivers for relaying point-to-point in a network of television subscribers; television broadcast equipment comprising transmitters and studio video processing equipment; bidirectional radio and television communication systems comprising digital, video and audio transmitters, receivers and communication switching apparatus, and transceivers for relaying bidirectional messages; TV transmitters and transceivers; mobile radio wave communication instruments comprising radio transmitters, receivers and transceivers; computer controlled television systems comprising computers and television receivers interconnected by computer programs with manual intervention instruments for interactive control of television receivers; television control software for use in interactive control of television receivers and bidirectional communication in a network of television subscribers; microwave digital communication systems for two-way wireless communication in a network of television subscribers; radio and TV broadcasting networks for processing programs and communications between radio and TV stations and audience participants; subscriber identification systems comprising switching networks and coding-decoding equipment; communication switching systems comprising communication routing equipment for relaying messages between participants in a bidirectional communication network; interconnection networks comprising radio, cable and satellite receivers and transmitters coupled to communicate between two remote points; radio and TV message encryption systems comprising coders and decoders for privatizing communications; facsimile equipment for relaying video presentations from point to point; electronic message delivery systems comprising video reproduction equipment for electronically presenting messages, and electronic radio transmission equipment for conveying messages to remote locations; electronic billing systems for goods and services comprising computerized accounting equipment and electronic sales processing equipment for completing sales of services and goods between television viewers and vendors; electronic accounting systems for radio and TV network transactions comprising computers and detectors for recognizing use of radio and TV network facilities used to establish and bill charges for selected users; and graphic pattern generating systems for CRT displays comprising cathode ray tubes, video equipment for generating displays on cathode ray tube, video equipment for generating displays on cathode ray tube screens, interactively controlled equipment for modifying and selecting displays, and electronically stored libraries of graphic materials for video presentations