Integrated optical technologies, components, assemblies, and subsystems for optical signal generation, transmission, routing, management, and connectivity in data communications networks, namely, co-packaged optical (CPO) transceivers, near-packaged optical (NPO) modules and transceivers, optical isolators, optical fibers, including polarization-maintaining, hollow-core, and multi-core optical fibers, fiber array units, polarization-maintaining lensed fiber arrays, micro lens arrays, lenses, filters, connectors, couplers, optical materials, including crystals and garnets, optical assemblies and sub-assemblies; laser light sources, external laser sources (ELS), laser arrays, packaged lasers, and laser modules for optical signal generation in data communications networks; photodetectors, photodiodes, and photodiode arrays; all of the foregoing for use in AI datacenter infrastructure, integrated optical assemblies, optical interconnect systems, and communications networks