Surgical and medical apparatus and instruments; electrosurgical apparatus and instruments; medical electrodes; electrodes for use with medical apparatus; cardiac electrodes; electrodes for external defibrillators; electrophysiology electrodes; oxygen electrodes for medical use; test electrodes for medical use; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation electrodes; non-selective electrodes being chemically sensitive probes for medical use; electrodes for picking up biological parameters; electrodes for picking up electrophysiological parameters; electrode pads; electrode loops; loop ostomy rods; scalpel blades; surgical cutting instruments; electric scalpels for surgical use; surgical blades; surgical knives; surgical knife blades; disposable microtome blades; electric cauteries for surgical use; patient positioning tools; foot pedals for medical and surgical use; medical and surgical laparoscopes; medical apparatus for use in laparoscopy; high frequency generators for use in medical treatment; medical masks; surgical masks; masks for use by medical personnel; protective clothing for medical purposes; protective clothing for surgical purposes